常见的发音错误 /θ/ 和 /ð/
有‘th’ 的英文字的发音有两种,即/θ/ 和 /ð/,都是通过舌头的咬合来实现的,中文里不存在。所以无论是 /θ/ 还是 /ð/,常常被汉语拼音里的s 和z 直接取代了。这种 ‘中式口音’其实就是发音错误,如果这样的习惯你有了十几年或者二十几年了,也不要气馁,只要现在开始了解正确的方法并不断地练习,要去掉 ‘中式口音’这个绊脚石还是可以的!
/θ/ 和 /ð/ 发音时要把舌尖放在上下牙齿之间。/θ/是清辅音,发音时声带不振动,英语叫unvoiced ‘th’。 /ð/是浊辅音,发音时声带振动,英语叫voiced ‘th’。
‘th’ 什么时候发音成/θ/, 什么时候发音成/ð/呢?请看以下的详解:
- 有 ‘th’ 的content words (实义词) 的发音是/θ/ (unvoiced ‘th’)
Content words指有意义的词,包括名词、动词和形容词。例子如下:
athlete | author | |
birth | catholic | |
cloth | death | |
earth | fifth | |
growth | health | |
length | think | |
throw | wealth | |
width | youth |
例外:
booth /θ/ 和 /ð/ 均可 | mouth /ð/(voiced ‘th’) | |
rhythm /ð/(voiced ‘th’) | smooth /ð/ (voiced ‘th’) | |
clothing /ð/(voiced ‘th’) | worthy /ð/ (voiced ‘th’) |
- 有 ‘th’ 的function words (功能词) 的发音是/ð/(voiced ‘th’)
Function words 是表示语法关系的功能词,包括连词、介词和代名词。例子如下:
although | that | |
the | their 这是最多人念错的代名词 | |
there | they 这也是看似简单但很多人念错的 | |
though | thus |
例外
beneath /θ/ (unvoiced ‘th’) | both /θ/ (unvoiced ‘th’) | |
through /θ/ (unvoiced ‘th’) | with (/θ/ 和 /ð/ 均可) |
- 以-the 和 –thing结尾的单词的发音是/ð/(voiced ‘th’)
bathe | breathe | |
soothe | loathe | |
breathing | sunbathing |
- 复数名词的发音是/θ/ (unvoiced ‘th’)
births /ð/(unvoiced ‘th’) | faiths /ð/(unvoiced ‘th’) | |
mammoths /ð/(unvoiced‘th’) | maths /ð/(unvoiced ‘th’) | |
moths /ð/(unvoiced ‘th’) | strengths /ð/(unvoiced ‘th’)strength这个单数名词的发音也是unvoiced ‘th’ /θ/ |
- 有 ‘ther’ 的单词的发音是/ð/(voiced ‘th’)
bother | further | |
northern | neither | |
southern | weather |
例外
panther |
- 有 ‘thr’的单词的发音是/θ/ (unvoiced ‘th’)
through | throw | |
three | thrash |
跟着以上所有单词的发音模范答案练了之后,如果还是不确定自己发音的方法对不对,可以看看镜子里自己的口型,和图里的口型对照一下。
记住:无论是 /θ/ 还是 /ð/的 ‘th’发音,舌尖必须伸到门牙外的1厘米或以上。
把单词发音念熟之后,是时候用绕口令来挑战自己了:
Arthur Smith is the author of a math theory
参考答案
Thursday the thirteenth is my father’s birthday.
参考答案
绕口令摘自www.fleuntu.com